Angkor Thom Temple

The city of Angkor Thom is encircled by a formidable wall, standing 8 meters high and extending 12 kilometers in length, featuring five gates, two of which are situated in the eastern wall. The entrances to several of these gates are flanked by statues depicting gods and demons grasping nagas, while the gates themselves are embellished with the visage of Avalokiteshvara, the goddess of compassion, although it is believed that they also bear a striking resemblance to King Jayavarman VII. Surrounding the wall is a moat that spans 100 meters in width. At the heart of this area lies Bayon temple, with Baphuon positioned slightly to the west, and several smaller temples located further to the north. The intricately designed Terrace of Elephants and the Terrace of the Leper King are situated to the north of Bayon.

• Bayon

Regarded as one of the most enigmatic and captivating temples in Angkor, Bayon serves as the focal point of Angkor Thom. From a distance, it may appear unremarkable; however, upon entering, one discovers that Bayon is structured around 54 towers, each adorned with 216 smiling faces of Avalokiteshvara gazing down upon visitors. This temple offers a remarkable exploration experience, characterized by a labyrinth of tunnels, obstructed doorways, and crumbling stones, creating an ideal environment to delve into the enigmas of Angkor.

Standing at 45 meters tall, Bayon comprises three levels interconnected by staircases and small courtyards. The galleries on the first and second levels feature historical and religious bas-reliefs, while the third level is distinguished by a central circular tower, a unique element in Khmer architecture.

• Baphuon

Situated 200 meters to the west of Bayon, Baphuon was designated as the center of the city upon the completion of Angkor Thom. It is designed as a pyramidal representation of Mount Meru and was likely one of the most awe-inspiring temples of its time. A 200-meter elevated walkway leads to the temple, which boasts a central tower rising to a height of 43 meters.

• Terrace of the Elephants

This 350-meter-long terrace is believed to have served as a vantage point for Jayavarman VII to observe his triumphant army’s return. The staircase is adorned with sculptures of lions and garudas, while the terrace walls feature life-sized representations of elephants and their attendants.

• Terrace of the Leper King

Situated to the north of the Terrace of Elephants, this 7-meter-high platform is crowned by a nude statue, with the original piece housed in the National Museum of Phnom Penh. The precise significance of the statue remains uncertain. Some interpretations suggest it may depict one of two Angkorian kings afflicted with leprosy, while others propose it symbolizes the God of Death, indicating that the terrace served as a royal cremation site.

• Preah Palilay

Among the most enchanting temples within the Angkor Thom complex, Preah Palilay is located in the northwest corner of the site. Its serene and atmospheric environment offers excellent photographic opportunities, with towering trees casting shadows over its structure.

• Phimeanakas

Phimeanakas holds greater historical significance than aesthetic appeal. Once the site of a Royal Palace, it featured bathing facilities, remnants of which are still visible today. Although little remains of the original structure, ascending its pyramidal form provides splendid views of the surrounding landscape.

Angkor Thom was established by King Jayavarman VII, a pivotal figure in the Khmer Empire. As a Buddhist, he led a significant transition of the Khmer populace from Hinduism to Buddhism during his reign. He was a strong advocate for public infrastructure, initiating the construction of schools, hospitals, and reservoirs. 

Additionally, he is renowned for revitalizing the Khmer Empire after the Cham invasions and for founding the magnificent capital city of Angkor Thom, which served as the central hub for a population estimated at around one million. Angkor Thom continued to function as the capital of the Khmer Empire even as it began to decline, likely being completely abandoned in the 16th century. Today, it, along with the other temples in Angkor Park, is recognized as a World Heritage site.

1. Visitors can traverse the entire perimeter of the Angkor Thom wall. Although there are a few steep ascents and descents at the gates, walking around the wall offers a delightful opportunity to discover Angkor Park. 

2. The southwest corner of the Angkor Thom wall, which overlooks the moat, serves as an excellent location to witness the sunset. 

3. It is advisable to explore more than just the Bayon temple. While Bayon is indeed captivating, appreciating the surrounding structures is essential to grasp the vastness of the site. 

4. The south gate attracts the most visitors due to its proximity to Angkor Wat. For a more enchanting entry into the temple complex, purchase your ticket in advance and then hire a moto-dop to access the west gate of Angkor Thom. 

5. Given the expansive nature of Angkor Thom, it is important to stay hydrated. Fresh coconuts are available at local restaurants nearby, providing a refreshing option.

1. Angkor Thom encompasses an area of 10 square kilometers.

2. The Bayon temple is adorned with 216 distinct faces.

3. The Baphuon temple within Angkor Thom became one of the largest jigsaw puzzles in the world after the meticulous records of its disassembled pieces were lost during the Khmer Rouge regime. Consequently, archaeologists were left with numerous stones scattered on the ground and had to rely on their best estimates for reconstruction.

4. In addition to Ta Prohm, the eastern gate of Angkor Thom also featured in the Tomb Raider film series.

5. Originally, the gates of Angkor Thom were secured with wooden doors.